Autophagy
Autophagy is cellular recycling of damaged proteins and components; her posts link spermidine and FOXO3 to inducing it, and she cites a mouse study where inhibiting autophagy caused neuromuscular dysfunction in old age.
6 interventions act here
Methylene Blue
Century-old dye and drug that shuttles electrons in mitochondria; low doses studied for Alzheimer's.
Watching
NAD+ precursors (NR, NMN) and CD38 inhibition
NR and NMN feed the NAD+ salvage pathway to offset the age-related NAD+ decline driven partly by CD38.
In my stack
Proline
Collagen-rich amino acid that restored mitochondrial function in senescent stem cells in a 2024 study.
In my stack
Spermidine
Polyamine that induces autophagy and declines with age; extends lifespan in model organisms.
Watching
Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG)
Krebs-cycle metabolite that drops sharply with age; supplementation extended lifespan and healthspan in mice.
In my stack
Urolithin A
Gut-microbe metabolite of ellagitannins that boosts mitophagy and may counter age-related immune decline.
In my stack